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Antimicrobial use in food animal production: situation analysis and contributing factors

Ziping WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 301-311 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018207

摘要：

By measuring the quantity and ways in which antimicrobials are used, and reviewing different technical and socioeconomic factors influencing antimicrobial use at farm level, this study discusses the main knowledge gaps in antimicrobial use in food animal production and provides recommendations for future research and policy development. The review reveals that antimicrobial use in food animals exhibit strong regional and species differences, and there are still large information gaps concerning the current state of antimicrobial use. Factors associated with animal health (including antimicrobial resistance), animal health improvement, economic costs and benefits relevant to animal diseases, and potential technological alternatives or alternative systems all have an impact on antimicrobial use on the farm. There is a clear need to resolve the data gap by monitoring antimicrobial use and developing an analytical framework to better understand farmer behaviors under different technical, economic and environmental circumstances.

关键词： antimicrobial use drivers for antimicrobial use food animal production

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Cryopreservation of farm animal gametes and embryos: recent updates and progress

Zhengyuan HUANG, Lei GAO, Yunpeng HOU, Shien ZHU, Xiangwei FU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第1期页码 42-53 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018231

摘要：

Cryopreservation has undergone tremendous advances and is widely used in animal production based on decades of study of cellular permeability, freezability and empirical generalization. Several improvement are particularly important: the cryopreservation protocol has been continuously refined over the years to achieve greater reproductive performance; cryoprotective agents are more effective and less toxic than previously; there has been significant innovation in advanced cryopreservation systems and carriers. Despite this, there are still problems that urgently require practical solutions, such as remedies for cryodamage and encouraging the use of frozen–thawed porcine sperm in pig production.

关键词： vitrification gametes embryo animal production cryoprotective agent freezability

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Highlights for special issue on “Large Animal Stem Cells”

Jianyong HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019251

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A brief review of genome editing technology for generating animal models

Haoyi WANG, Sen WU, Mario R. CAPECCHI, Rudolf JAENISCH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 123-128 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019309

摘要：

The recent development of genome editing technologies has given researchers unprecedented power to alter DNA sequences at chosen genomic loci, thereby generating various genetically edited animal models. This mini-review briefly summarizes the development of major genome editing tools, focusing on the application of these tools to generate animal models in multiple species.

关键词： animal model CRISPR genome editing TALEN ZFN

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Fighting for the poverty: a case study for human migration in the context of sustainable dryland farming development in the Southern Ningxia Hilly Area

Yongqing MA, Jie CHEN, Shuqi DONG, Lun SHAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 62-68 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014027

摘要： The Southern Ningxia Hilly Area is one of the most impoverished areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (a province) of China due to an economy that mainly relies on agriculture, which is affected by droughts in two out of every three years. Government programs have attempted to develop an increased and sustainable level of scientifically based agricultural production while restoring the environment. However, since the population exceeds the capacity of the land to adequately support it, a program is underway to move 350000 people to more suitable locations. This paper outlines the past improvements to the Southern Ningxia Hilly Area and considers future development in the context of migration for ecological reasons.

关键词： agricultural production animal husbandry development strategy ecological migration

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The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect

Qi Lin, Xin Xu, Lihua, Wang, Qian Chen, Jing Fang, Xiaodong Shen, Liping Lou, Guangming Tian

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0924-8

摘要： Biochars derived from animal manures may accumulate potentially toxic metals and cause a potential risk to ecosystem. The synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy, sequential fractionation schemes, bioaccessibility extraction and leaching procedure were performed on poultry and swine manure-derived biochars (denoted PB and SB, respectively) to evaluate the variance of speciation and activity of Cu and Zn as affected by the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. The results showed that Cu speciation was dependent on the feedstock with Cu-citrate-like in swine manure and species resembling Cu-glutathione and CuO in poultry manure. Pyrolyzed products, however, had similar Cu speciation mainly with species resembling Cu-citrate, CuO and CuS/Cu S. Organic bound Zn and Zn (PO ) -like species were dominant in both feedstock and biochars. Both Cu and Zn leaching with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) decreased greatly with the rise of pyrolysis temperature, which were consistent with the sequential extraction results that pyrolysis converted Cu and Zn into less labile phases such as organic/sulfide and residual fractions. The potential bioaccessibility of Zn decreased for both the PB and SB, closely depending on the content of non-residual Zn. The bioaccessibility of Cu, however, increased for the SB prepared at 300°C–700°C, probably due to the increased proportion of CuO. Concerning the results of sequential fractionation schemes, bioaccessibility extraction and leaching procedure, pyrolysis at 500°C was suggested as means of reducing Cu/Zn lability and poultry manure was more suitable for pyrolysis treatment.

关键词： Animal manure Biochar Metals Molecular species Pyrolysis

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Highlights of special issue on Animal Science

Jun REN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 257-259 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017165

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我国草原生产力

侯扶江,王春梅,娄珊宁,侯向阳,呼天明

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第1期页码 80-93 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.011

摘要：

分析我国草原植物生产和动物生产，比较国内外草原生产力。结果表明，在过去的30余年中，我国一部分草原产草量下降，局部变化不显著。世界草原对畜产品生产的贡献率为40.08 %，中等收入国家为67.35 %。全球24.1 %的牛肉和31.9 %的羊肉来自草原，低收入国家草原载畜量分别高出高收入国家和中等收入国家87.4 %和66.4 %，畜产品生产分别只有两者的37.3 %和71.9 %。适宜的放牧利用，可使我国的草原生产能力达到6.35×109畜产品单位（APU）；全国草原单纯依靠放牧每年可产肉2.959×106 t，占全国肉类总产量的3.5 %，占全国牛羊肉总产量的27.4 %。通过草原畜牧业的现代化转型可接近高收入国家水平，增产潜力约为50 %~200 %。

关键词：草原生产力产草量放牧载畜量畜产品单位（APU）

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Electrolyzed water and its application in animal houses

Weichao ZHENG,Li NI,Baoming LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 195-205 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016109

摘要： Electrolyzed water (EW) can be produced by electrolysis of a dilute salt solution. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW, pH 5.0–6.5) and neutral electrolyzed water (NEW, pH 6.5–8.5) are considered healthy and environmentally friendly because no hazardous chemicals are added in its production, there is reduced corrosion of surfaces and it minimizes the potential for damage to animal and human health. Over the last decade, EW has become increasingly popular as an alternative disinfectant for decontamination in animal houses. However, there have been some issues related to EW that are not well known, including different mechanisms for generation of SAEW and NEW, and the antimicrobial mechanism of EW. This review covers the definitions of SAEW and NEW, different generation systems for SAEW and NEW, the antimicrobial mecha- nism of EW, and recent developments related to the application of SAEW and NEW in animal houses.

关键词： disinfection poultry and livestock slightly acidic electrolyzed water neutral electrolyzed water

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Animal stem cells: the engineering development front of 2018

Wenye YUAN, Jianxiang XU, Chenying LI, Lijuan SHI, Aidong YANG, Yan WANG, Lu XING, Shaozhong KANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第1期页码 93-95 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018250

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极地动物基因资源研究现状与发展战略

陈松林,徐文腾,陈张帆

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 39-47 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.007

摘要：

本文主要从基因组和转录组层面分析了极地动物基因资源的研究现状，梳理了本领域研究中存在的问题，并提出了未来发展战略。极地动物基因组测序起步较晚，迄今只完成了 13种极地动物的全基因组测序。在转录组研究方面，人们对极地的 31个物种进行了转录组测序，并在以下四个方向重点开展了研究：环境适应性研究；污染物应激反应的分子机制研究；不同发育阶段或不同组织中的转录组分析；功能基因挖掘。本领域研究由于起步晚，研究广度和深度都有待加强，但极地动物的基因资源研究具有战略意义。建议国家设立“极地动物基因资源发掘与应用”重点研发计划专项，围绕极地渔业动物特殊性状遗传解析、特有基因功能分析和基因工程产品研发等开展研究。

关键词：极地动物基因组，转录组，基因资源

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Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 431-440 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019279

摘要：

The concentration and components of manure phosphorus (P) are key factors determining potential P bioavailability and runoff. The distribution of P forms in swine, poultry and cattle manures collected from intensive and extensive production systems in several areas of China was investigated with sequential fractionation and a simplified two-step (NaHCO -NaOH/EDTA) procedures. The mean total P concentration, determined by the sequential fractionation procedure of intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure, expressed as g·kg , was 14.9, 13.4 and 5.8 g·kg , respectively, and 4.4 g·kg in extensive cattle manure. In intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure about 73%, 74% and 79% of total P, respectively, was bioavailable (i.e., P extracted by H O and NaHCO ) and 78% in extensive cattle manure. The results indicated the relative environmental risk, from high to low, of swine, poultry and cattle manure. There is considerable regional variation in animal manure P across China, which needs to be considered when developing manure management strategies.

关键词： diet phosphorus manure phosphorus sequential P fractionation

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A review of traditional and novel detection techniques for melamine and its analogues in foods and animal

Mengshi LIN,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 427-435 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0244-z

摘要： Melamine, a nitrogen-rich chemical, has received much attention in recent years due to a series of highly publicized food safety incidents, including 2007 pet food recalls in North America and 2008 melamine contamination in milk, infant formula, and other milk-derived products in China. Current analytical methods for testing melamine are time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the food science and analytical chemistry field to develop simple, quick, sensitive, and cost-effective methods for detection of melamine and its analogues (e.g., cyanuric acid, melamine cyanurate, ammelide, and ammeline) in food ingredients, processed food, and animal feed. This review aims to summarize traditional and novel analytical techniques that have been used or show great potential to detect, characterize, and quantify melamine and its analogues in foods and animal feed.

关键词： milk-derived Melamine labor-intensive cyanurate time-consuming

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动物疫病防控——挑战与展望

陈焕春

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第1期页码 1-1 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.11.011

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Visualization of amino acid composition differences between processed protein from different animal species

Xingfan ZHOU,Zengling YANG,Longjian CHEN,Lujia HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 171-179 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016095

摘要： Amino acids are the dominant organic components of processed animal proteins, however there has been limited investigation of differences in their composition between various protein sources. Information on these differences will not only be helpful for their further utilization but also provide fundamental information for developing species-specific identification methods. In this study, self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) were used to visualize amino acid composition of fish meal, and meat and bone meal (MBM) produced from poultry, ruminants and swine. SOFM display the similarities and differences in amino acid composition between protein sources and effectively improve data transparency. Amino acid composition was shown to be useful for distinguishing fish meal from MBM due to their large concentration differences between glycine, lysine and proline. However, the amino acid composition of the three MBMs was quite similar. The SOFM results were consistent with those obtained by analysis of variance and principal component analysis but more straightforward. SOFM was shown to have a robust sample linkage capacity and to be able to act as a powerful means to link different sample for further data mining.

关键词： self-organizing feature maps visualization processed animal proteins (PAPs) amino acid

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标题作者时间类型操作

Antimicrobial use in food animal production: situation analysis and contributing factors

Ziping WU

期刊论文

Cryopreservation of farm animal gametes and embryos: recent updates and progress

Zhengyuan HUANG, Lei GAO, Yunpeng HOU, Shien ZHU, Xiangwei FU

期刊论文

Highlights for special issue on “Large Animal Stem Cells”

Jianyong HAN

期刊论文

A brief review of genome editing technology for generating animal models

Haoyi WANG, Sen WU, Mario R. CAPECCHI, Rudolf JAENISCH

期刊论文

Fighting for the poverty: a case study for human migration in the context of sustainable dryland farming development in the Southern Ningxia Hilly Area

Yongqing MA, Jie CHEN, Shuqi DONG, Lun SHAN

期刊论文

The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect

Qi Lin, Xin Xu, Lihua, Wang, Qian Chen, Jing Fang, Xiaodong Shen, Liping Lou, Guangming Tian

期刊论文

Highlights of special issue on Animal Science

Jun REN

期刊论文

我国草原生产力

侯扶江,王春梅,娄珊宁,侯向阳,呼天明

期刊论文

Electrolyzed water and its application in animal houses